Deryugin A. A. Formation of Spruce Tree Stands in Parcellar Structures with the Same Density of Preliminary Spruce Generation after Logging Birch Stand
Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Sovetskaya str., 21, Uspenskoe, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, 143030 Russian Federation
E-mail: da45@mail.ru
Abstract
UDC 630*221.2:630*561+ 674.032.13
How to cite: Deryugin A. A. Formation of spruce tree stands in parcellar structures with the same density of preliminary spruce generation after logging birch stand // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2021. N. 2. P. 96–102 (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20210209
© Deryugin A. A., 2021
To date, various aspects of the formation of spruce forests as a result of felling of small-leaved stands with the preservation of the preliminary generation of spruce Picea A. Dietr. have been studied. One that is poorly studied is the question of the development and growth of spruce in connection with the parcel structure of the stands after such felling. The aim of this work is to study formation and growth of spruce forests in parcel structures with the same spruce density after felling a birch forest, but at different stages of age development. The studies were carried out in the sub-zone of the southern taiga (Rybinsk District of the Yaroslavl Oblast) at the Northern Experimental Station of the Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences. The study object is forest stand formed after cutting a 55-year-old birch forest. The felling was carried out using the technology of narrow strips with preservation of the preliminary generation of spruce. The analysis is based on the data of 20 years of observations on permanent sample plots in two groups of parcels: spruce in the young stand stage, spruce in the pole stand stage. The density of spruce in the groups of parcels after birch Betula L. felling is, respectively, 4.53 and 4.58 thousand trees per ha, and the average age is 25 and 33 years, respectively. The response of spruce to birch felling has been observed already in the first ten years. In the considered groups of parcels, the condition of the spruce improves and the growth of trees increases. In the poles, the growth increases more intensively than in the young. The timber stock of the upper layer (trees above 4 m per year of felling) in the first layer increases by almost 30, in the second – by 100 m3. In the pole stand, productivity of the stand increases from class V to class IV bonitet. In the second decade, the state of the population in young trees deteriorates as a result of increased intraspecific competition (the proportion of normal trees decreases from 55 to 40 %). In the pole, the opposite process was observed – the proportion of normal trees increased from 60 to 80 %. During this period, the growth of the wood stock in young stands was more intensive than in the pole ones. However, the wood stock in spruce forest, formed from the perch, reached almost 300 m3 per ha 20 years after felling. In spruce forest, formed from the young stand, wood stock was almost 3 times less. The bonitet of the perch has reached III, the young – IV class. When felling birch forests with preservation of the undergrowth and thin spruce for the fastest recovery of spruce stands, birch forests should be considered the most promising, under the canopy of which the preliminary generation is represented by a spruce pole stand 40 years old. Such stands should be assigned to the felling first.
Article
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (REFERENCES)
Алексеев В. И. Возобновление ели на вырубках. М.: Наука, 1978. 130 с. [Alekseev V. I. Vozobnovlenie eli na vyrubkah (Regeneration of spruce on logging areas). Moscow: Nauka, 1978. 130 p. (in Russian)].
Багаев С. В. Рубки переформирования в березняках со вторым ярусом и подростом ели в Костромской области // Лесохозяйственная информация. 2016. № 4. С. 84–92 [Bagaev S. V. Rubki pereformirovaniya v bereznyakah so vtorym yarusom i podrostom eli v Kostromskoy oblasti (Reformation cuttings in birch forests with spruce second tier and undergrowth in the Kostroma Oblast) // Lesokhozyaystvennaya informatsiya (For. Inform.). 2016. N. 4. P. 84–92 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Дерюгин А. А., Глазунов Ю. Б. Рост деревьев ели предварительного возобновления после рубки березняков в подзоне южной тайги Русской равнины // Вестн. Поволж. гос. технол. ун-та. Сер.: Лес. Экол. Природопольз. 2018. № 2 (38). С. 5–18 [Deryugin A. A., Glazunov Yu. B. Rost derev'ev eli predvaritel'nogo vozobnovleniya posle rubki bereznyakov v podzone yuzhnoy taygi Russkoy ravniny (Growth of spruce of advance regeneration birch groves felling in the subzone of southern taiga of Russian Plain) // Vestn. Povolzh. gos. tekhnol. un-ta. Ser.: Les. Ekol. Prirodopolz. (Bull. Volga Technol. Univ. Ser.: For. Ecol. Nat. Manag.). 2018. N. (38). P. 5–18 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Дерюгин А. А., Рыбакова Н. А. Строение и рост предварительной генерации ели различной густоты после рубки березы в южной тайге европейской части России // Вестн. Поволж. гос. технол. ун-та. Сер.: Лес. Экол. Природопольз. 2019. № 3 (43). С. 46–56 [Deryugin A. A., Rybakova N. A. Stroenie i rost predvaritelnoy generatsii eli razlichnoy gustoty posle rubki berezy v yuzhnoy tayge evropeyskoy chasti Rossii (Structure and growth of preliminary generation of spruce of different density after birch felling in the southern taiga of European Russia) // Vestn. Povolzh. gos. tekhnol. un-ta. Ser.: Les. Ekol. Prirodopolz. (Bull. Volga Technol. Univ. Ser.: For. Ecol. Nat. Manag.). 2019. N. 3 (43). P. 46–56 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Дудин В. А., Коновалов А. Н. Способы рубок как средство ускоренной трансформации вторичных мягколиственных лесов в коренные хвойные // Лесн. хоз-во. 2006. № 1. С. 16–18 [Dudin V. A., Konovalov A. N. Sposoby rubok kak sredstvo uskorennoy transformatsii vtorichnykh myagkolistvennykh lesov v korennye khvoynye (Logging methods as a means of accelerated transformation of secondary deciduous forests into native conifers) // Lesn. khoz-vo (Forestry). 2006. N. 1. P. 16–18 (in Russian)].
Желдак В. И. Вопросы эколого-лесоводственного обеспечения управления защитными лесами // Сб. ст. Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. «Проблемы и перспективы совершенствования лесоводственных мероприятий в защитных лесах», Пушкино, 18–20 июня 2013 г. Пушкино: ВНИИЛМ, 2014. С. 53–65 [Zheldak V. I. Voprosy ekologo-lesovodstvennogo obespecheniya upravleniya zashchitnymi lesami (Issues of environmental and silvicultural provisions of protective forest management) // Sb. st. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. «Problemy i perspektivy sovershenstvovaniya lesovodstvennykh meropriyatiy v zashchitnykh lesakh, Pushkino, 18–20 iyunya 2013 g. (Coll. articl. Int. sci.-pract. conf. «Problems and prospects for improving silvicultural activities in protective forests», Pushkino, 18–20 June, 2013). Pushkino: VNIILM, 2014. P. 53–65 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Лесоустроительная инструкция. Приказ Минприроды России от 29.03.2018 г. № 122 [Lesoustroitelnaya instruktsiya (Forest planning instruction). Prikaz Minprirody Rossii ot 29.03.2018 g. N. 122 (The order of the Ministry of Natural Resources, 29 March, 2018. N. 122) (in Russian)].
Мелехов И. С. Рубки и возобновление леса на Севере. Архангельск: Арханг. кн. изд-во, 1960. 201 с. [Melekhov I. S. Rubki i vozobnovlenie lesa na Severe (Fellings and regeneration of forest in the North). Arkhangelsk: Arkhangelsk Book Publ., 1960. 201 p. (in Russian)].
Орлов А. Я., Ильюшенко А. Ф. Состояние подроста ели на сплошных вырубках в березняках южной тайги // Лесоведение. 1982. № 1. С. 18–25 [Orlov A. Ya., Ilyushenko A. F. Sostoyanie podrosta eli na sploshnykh vyrubkah v bereznyakakh yuzhnoy taygi (State of spruce undergrowth in clear-cut areas in birch forests of southern taiga) // Lesovedenie (Rus. J. For. Sci.). 1982. N. 1. P. 18–25 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Пегов Л. А. Начальный период формирования структуры молодняков на вырубках в таежной зоне // Лесоведение. 1985. № 3. С. 55–60 [Pegov L. A. Nachalny period formirovaniya struktury molodnyakov na vyrubkakh v taezhnoy zone (The initial period of formation of the structure of young stands in logging areas in the taiga zone) // Lesovedenie (For. Sci.). 1985. N. 3. P. 55–60 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Побединский А. В. Рубки главного пользования. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1980. 191 с. [Pobedinskiy A. V. Rubki glavnogo polzovaniya (Fellings of the main use). Moscow: Lesn. prom-st (Timber Industry), 1980. 191 p. (in Russian)].
Рубцов М. В., Дерюгин А. А., Серяков А. Д. Закономерности роста ели после рубки верхнего яруса березы // Лесоведение. 2005. № 6. С. 44–53 [Rubtsov M. V., Deryugin A. A., Seryakov A. D. Zakonomernosti rosta eli posle rubki verkhnego yarusa breezy (Regularities of spruce growth after cutting of the upper layer of birch) // Lesovedenie (Rus. J. For. Sci.). 2005. N. 6. P. 44–53 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Рыбакова Н. А. Динамика пространственной структуры фитоценозов на вырубках березняков с елью предварительной генерации // Вестн. Поволж. гос. технол. ун-та. Сер.: Лес. Экол. Природопольз. 2018а. № 3 (39). С. 5–15 [Rybakova N. A. Dinamika prostranstvennoy struktury fitotsenozov na vyrubkah bereznyakov s elyu predvaritelnoy generatsii (Dynamics of space structure of plant communities on the slashes of birch groves with spruce of preliminary generation) // Vestn. Povolzh. gos. tekhnol. un-ta. Ser.: Les. Ekol. Prirodopolz. (Bull. Volga Technol. Univ. Ser.: For. Ecol. Nat. Manag.). 2018а. N. 3 (39). P. 5–15 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Рыбакова Н. А. Многолетняя динамика парцеллярной структуры лесных фитоценозов после рубки южно-таежных березняков с сохранением второго яруса ели // Лесохозяйственная информация. 2018б. № 3. С. 37–50 [Rybakova N. A. Mnogoletnyaya dinamika parcellyarnoy struktury lesnykh fitotsenozov posle rubki yuzhno-taezhnykh bereznyakov s sokhraneniem vtorogo yarusa eli (Long-term dynamics parcellary structure of forest phytocenoses in clearings of birch forests with the preservation of the second layer of spruce in the southern taiga) // Lesokhozyaystvennaya informatsiya (For. Inform.). 2018b. N. 3. P. 37–50 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Рыбакова Н. А., Рубцов М. В. Динамика парцеллярной структуры фитоценозов на вырубках с елью предварительной генерации // Комплексные стационарные исследования в лесах южной тайги. Памяти М. В. Рубцова. М.: Тов-во науч. изд. КМК, 2017. С. 155–171 [Rybakova N. A., Rubcov M. V. Dinamika parcellyarnoy struktury fitotsenozov na vyrubkakh s elyu predvaritel'noy generatsii (Dynamics of the parcell structure of phytocenoses in fellings with spruce of preliminary generation) // Kompleksnye statsionarnye issledovaniya v lesakh yuzhnoy taygi (Complex stationary studies in the forests of southern taiga). Moscow: Tov-vo nauch. izd. KMK (KMK Partnership Publ.), 2017. P. 155–171 (in Russian)].
Ткаченко М. Е., Асосков А. И., Синев В. Н. Общее лесоводство. Л.: Гослестехиздат. 1939. 746 с. [Tkachenko M. E., Asoskov A. I., Sinev V. N. Obshchee lesovodstvo (General silviculture). Leningrad: Goslestekhizdat, 1939. 746 p. (in Russian)].
Успенский Е. И. Ход роста елового подроста на свежих вырубках // Ботанико-лесоводственные исследования. Горький: Волго-Вятск. кн. изд-во. 1972. С. 130–135 [Uspenskiy E. I. Hod rosta elovogo podrosta na svezhikh vyrubkah (Growth of spruce undergrowth in latest fellings) // Botaniko-lesovodstvennye issledovaniya (Bot. For. Stud.). Gorky: Volgo-Vyatsk. kn. izd-vo (Volga-Vyatka Book. Publ.). 1972. P. 130–135 (in Russian)].
