Bender O. G. Effect of Photoperiod on Seed Germination and Morphogenesis of One-Year-Old Seedlings of Siberian Stone Pine of Northern and Southern Ecotypes
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Rus. Acad. Sci., Sib. Br.
Prospekt Akademicheskiy, 10/3, Tomsk, 634055 Russian Federation
E-mail: obender65@mail.ru
Abstract
UDC 58.084+ 581.4+582.475.4
How to cite: Bender O. G. Effect of photoperiod on seed germination and morphogenesis of one-year-old seedlings of Siberian stone pine of northern and southern ecotypes // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2026. N. 5. P. … (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20260508
EDN: …
© Bender O. G., 2026
The effect of photoperiod on seed germination and morphogenesis of one-year-old Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) seedlings from contrasting latitudinal ecotypes was studied. Seeds collected from the northern (65°49′ N) and southern (56°25′ N) parts of the species range were germinated under short-day (simulating southern latitudes) and long-day (simulating northern latitudes) conditions. Seeds of the northern ecotype germinated significantly more slowly under short days (median 67 days) compared to long days (32 days), while the southern ecotype germinated faster under long days (32 days) compared to short days (41 days). The overall germination rate of northern seeds (86–88 %) was higher than that of southern seeds (60–74 %). The number of cotyledons was independent of the studied factors. Cotyledon length and juvenile needle length were determined exclusively by origin: the southern ecotype significantly exceeded the northern one under both photoperiod treatments. In the southern ecotype, more axillary buds were formed under short days, while they were larger under long days. In the northern ecotype, axillary buds were poorly developed in all treatments; however, the terminal bud exhibited high sensitivity to photoperiod, increasing in size under long days. The mass of different parts and total biomass of northern seedlings did not depend on day length, whereas in southern seedlings, total biomass under long days was more than twice that under short days. For the first time in Siberian stone pine, the formation of brachyblasts in one-year-old seedlings of the southern ecotype grown under long days was observed, which is not typical for the normal development of the species in the first year of life. A significant interaction between origin and photoperiod was found for all biomass parameters (η² = 0.17–0.24, p < 0.01), indicating qualitative differences in the photoperiodic responses of the ecotypes. The obtained data highlight the role of photoperiod as a key component of the genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) governing adaptive differentiation in Siberian stone pine across its range.
Article
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