Gabitova A. A., Sultanova R. R., Yumaguzhin F. G. Phenology of Woody Honey Plants and Seasonal Activity of Dark Forest Bees in the Mountain-Forest Zone of the Southern Urals under Climate Change
Bashkir State Agrarian University
50-letiya Oktyabrya str., 34, Ufa, Rep. Bashkortostan, 450001 Russian Federation
E-mail: abigabi@yandex.ru, vestnik-bsau@mail.ru, fitrat63@mail.ru
Abstract
UDC 630*16:638.13(470.57)
How to cite: Gabitova A. A., Sultanova R. R., Yumaguzhin F. G. Phenology of woody honey plants and seasonal activity of dark forest bees in the mountain-forest zone of the Southern Urals under climate change // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2026. N. 5. P. … (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20260515
EDN: …
© Gabitova A. A., Sultanova R. R., Yumaguzhin F. G., 2026
Analysis of original long-term field observations (1960–2024) of phenological phases of key woody honey plants – small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), goat willow (Salix caprea L.), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) – and their associated seasonal activity of dark forest bees (Apis mellifera mellifera Linnaeus) in the mountain-forest zone of the Southern Urals under climatic conditions revealed an increase in interannual variability of phenological parameters of honey plants in recent decades, leading to destabilization of seasonal rhythms in bees. Statistically significant shifts toward earlier flowering onset were established for all studied species, most pronounced in small-leaved lime (≈ 10–11 days) and Norway maple (≈ 10 days). A synchronous trend toward earlier onset of seasonal events in honey bee colonies was revealed: cleansing flights, appearance of drone brood, and swarming. Using the correlation analysis method (Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, R), a stable positive relationship of medium and high strength (R = +0.68...+0.85) was found between the date of the beginning of flowering of small-leaved linden and the date of the first swarming, which indicates a synchronous shift: earlier flowering corresponds to an earlier onset of swarming, which indicates an adaptive restructuring of the life cycle of bees in response to a change in the phenology of the main honey plant. The results have practical significance for forecasting honey flow periods and adapting forestry and beekeeping methods to changing climatic conditions.
Article
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (REFERENCES)
Воробьёва С. Л. Характеристика экологических факторов, влияющих на жизнедеятельность пчелиных семей в природно-климатических условиях Среднего Предуралья: дис. … д-ра с.-х. наук: 06.02.10. Ижевск: Ижевск. гос. с.-х. акад., 2015. 272 с. [Vorob’eva S. L. Kharakteristika ekologicheskikh faktorov, vliyayushchikh na zhiznedeyatelnost’ pchelinykh semey v prirodno-klimaticheskikh usloviyakh Srednego Predural’ya: dis. d-ra s.-kh. nauk: 06.02.10 (Characteristics of ecological factors affecting the life activity of bee colonies in the natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals: Dr. Agr. Sci. (DSc.). Dis.: 06.02.10 – Private animal husbandry; technology for the production of livestock products). Izhevsk: Izhevsk gos. s.-kh. akad. (Izhevsk St. Agr. Acad.), 2015. 272 p. (in Russian)].
Габитова А. А., Султанова Р. Р. Создание электронной базы данных липняков Республики Башкортостан (информационная картотека) // Оптимизация лесопользования. Мат-лы Всерос. (нац.) науч.-практ. конф. с междунар. участ. посвященной 70-летию почетного работника высшего образования, Заслуженного лесовода России Залесова Сергея Вениаминовича. Екатеринбург: УГЛТУ, 2023. С. 121–130 [Gabitova A. A., Sultanova R. R. Sozdanie elektronnoy bazy dannykh lipnyakov Respubliki Bashkortostan (informatsionnaya kartoteka) (Creation of an electronic database of linden forests of the Republic of Bashkortostan (information card index)) // Optimizatsiya lesopolzovaniya. Mat-ly Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. s mezhdunar. uchast. posvyashchennoy 70-letiyu pochetnogo rabotnika vysshego obrazovaniya, Zasluzhennogo lesovoda Rossii Zalesova Sergeya Veniaminovicha (Optimization of Forest Management. Proc. All-Russ. Sci.-Pract. Conf. with Int. Particip., dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the honored worker of higher education, Honored Forester of Russia Sergei Veniaminovich Zalesov). Yekaterinburg: UGLTU (Ural St. For. Engineer. Univ.), 2023. P. 121–130 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Габитова А. А., Султанова Р. Р. Совершенствование методов мониторинга лесных медоносных ресурсов, в том числе с использованием цифровых технологий // Глобальные вопросы пчеловодства, нутрициологии и апитерапии // Мат-лы Междунар. науч.-практ. конф., Уфа, 23–25 января 2025 г. Уфа: Башкир. гос. агр. ун-т, 2025. С. 69–77 [Gabitova A. A., Sultanova R. R. Sovershenstvovanie metodov monitoringa lesnykh medonosnykh resursov, v tom chisle s ispol’zovaniyem tsifrovykh tekhnologiy (Improving methods for monitoring forest honey resources, including using digital technologies) // Globalnye voprosy pchelovodstva, nutritsiologii i apiterapii. Mat-ly Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Ufa, 23–25 yanvarya 2025 g. (Global issues of beekeeping, nutriology and apitherapy: Proc. Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf., Ufa, 23–25 July 2025). Ufa: Bashkir. gos. un-t (Bashkir St. Agr. Univ.), 2025. P. 69–77 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Ильясов Р. А., Косарев М. Н., Юмагужин Ф. Г. Бурзянская бортевая пчела A. m. mellifera на Южном Урале // Биомика. 2014. Т. 6. № 4. С. 190–195 [Il’yasov R. A., Kosarev M. N., Yumaguzhin F. G. Burzyanskaya bortevaya pchela A. m. mellifera na Yuzhnom Urale (Burzyan wild-hive honey bee A. m. mellifera in the Southern Urals) // Biomika (Biomics). 2014. V. 6. N. 4. P. 190–195 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Информационные ресурсы государственной автоматизированной системы «Управление» в Республике Башкортостан. Уфа: Мин-во экон. развит. и инвест. политики Респ. Башкортостан, 2026 [Informatsionnye resursy gosudarstvennoy avtomatizirovannoy sistemy «Upravlenie» v Respublike Bashkortostan (Information resources of the state automated system «Management» of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Ufa: Min-vo ekon. razvit. i invest. politiki Resp. Bashkortostan, 2026 (Ministry Econ. Develop. Invest. Policy Rep. Bashkortostan (in Russian)]. https://gas.bashkortostan.ru/
Кривцов Н. И., Лебедев В. И., Туников Г. М. Пчеловодство. М.: Колос, 2007. 512 с. [Krivtsov N. I., Lebedev V. I., Tunikov G. M. Pchelovodstvo (Beekeeping). Moscow: Kolos, 2007. 512 p. (in Russian)].
Кулаков В. Н. Медоносные ресурсы субъектов Российской Федерации. Моногр. М.: РАСХН, 2013. 329 с. [Kulakov V. N. Medonosnye resursy sub’ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Monogr. (Honey resources of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Monograph). Moscow: RASKHN (Rus. Acad. Agr. Sci.), 2013. 329 p. (in Russian)].
Курьяков И. А., Гайдученко Е. С. Пути повышения эколого-экономической эффективности пчеловодства с учетом инновационных подходов // Сиб. торг.-экон. журн. 2012. № 16. С. 25–29 [Kuryakov I. A., Gayduchenko E. S. Puti povysheniya ekologo-ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti pchelovodstva s uchetom innovatsionnykh podkhodov (Ways to increase ecological and economic efficiency of beekeeping based on innovative approaches) // Sib. torg.-ekon. zhurn. (Sib. Trade Econ. J.). 2012. N. 16. P. 25–29 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Морева Л. Я., Цуркан М. С. Влияние зимовки на санитарный статус пасек // Пчеловодство. 2008. № 8. С. 10 [Moreva L. Ya., Tsurkan M. S. Vliyanie zimovki na sanitarny status pasek (Influence of wintering on the sanitary status of apiaries) // Pchelovodstvo (Beekeeping). 2008. N. 8. P. 10 (in Russian)].
Руководство по проведению фенологических наблюдений в ботанических садах СССР. М.: ГБС АН СССР, 1975. 52 с. [Rukovodstvo po provedeniyu fenologicheskikh nablyudeniy v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR (Guidelines for conducting phenological observations in botanical gardens of the USSR). Moscow: GBS AN SSSR (Main Bot. Garden USSR Acad. Sci.), 1975. 52 p. (in Russian)].
Савушкина Л. Н. Бортевое пчеловодство Башкортостана: традиции и современность. Уфа: Гилем, 2010. 276 с. [Savushkina L. N. Bortevoe pchelovodstvo Bashkortostana: traditsii i sovremennost’ (Wild-hive beekeeping of Bashkortostan: traditions and modernity). Ufa: Gilem, 2010. 276 p. (in Russian)].
Самсонова И. Д. Метеорологические исследования и нектаровыделение // Пчеловодство. 2012. № 8. С. 26–28 [Samsonova I. D. Meteorologicheskie issledovaniya i nektarovydelenie (Meteorological studies and nectar secretion) // Pchelovodstvo (Beekeeping). 2012. N. 8. P. 26–28 (in Russian)].
Султанова Р. Р., Мартынова М. В., Ханов Д. А., Бунькова Н. П. Использование лесов для ведения пчеловодства и иной сельскохозяйственной деятельности // Агр. вестн. Урала. 2017. № 2 (156). С. 59–65 [Sultanova R. R., Martynova M. V., Khanov D. A., Bun’kova N. P. Ispol’zovanie lesov dlya vedeniya pchelovodstva i inoy selskokhozyaystvennoy deyatelnosti (Use of forests for beekeeping and other agricultural activities) // Agr. vestn. Urala (Agr. Bull. Urals). 2017. N. 2 (156). P. 59–65 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Хайретдинов А. Ф., Султанова Р. Р., Мустафин Р. М. Нектароносные липняки // Пчеловодство. 2002. № 6. С. 22–23 [Khayretdinov A. F., Sultanova R. R., Mustafin R. M. Nektaronosnye lipnyaki (Nectar-bearing linden forests) // Pchelovodstvo (Beekeeping). 2002. N. 6. P. 22–23 (in Russian)].
Шульц Г. Э. Общая фенология. Л.: Наука. Ленингр. отд-ние, 1981. 188 с. [Shul’ts G. E. Obshchaya fenologiya (General phenology). Leningrad: Nauka. Leningr. otd-nie (Science. Leningrad Br.), 1981. 188 p. (in Russian)].
Юмагужин Ф. Г., Янбаев Ю. А. Оценка состояния генофонда бурзянской бортевой пчелы с использованием изоферментных генетических маркеров // Вестн. Башкир. гос. агр. ун-та. 2014. № 1. С. 65–68 [Yumaguzhin F. G., Yanbaev Yu. A. Otsenka sostoyaniya genofonda burzyanskoy bortevoy pchely s ispol’zovaniem izofermentnykh geneticheskikh markerov (Assessment of the gene pool state of the Burzyan wild-hive bee using isoenzyme genetic markers) // Vestn. Bashkir. gos. agr. un-ta (Bull. Bashkir St. Agr. Univ.). 2014. N. 1. P. 65–68 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Bartomeus I., Ascher J. S., Wagner D., Danforth B. N., Colla S., Kornbluth S., Winfree R. Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants // PNAS. 2011. V. 108. N. 51. P. 20645–20649.
Bradbear N. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods: A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products. Rome: FAO, 2009. 204 p.
Clarke D., Robert D. Predictive modelling of honey bee foraging activity using local weather conditions // Apidologie. 2018. V. 49. N. 3. P. 386–396.
Gordo O., Sanz J. J. Phenology and climate change: a long-term study in a Mediterranean locality // Oecologia. 2005. V. 146. N. 3. P. 484–495.
Goulson D., Nicholls E., Botías C., Rotheray E. L. Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers // Science. 2015. V. 347. N. 6229. Article 1255957.
IPCC. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022.
Langowska A., Zawilak M., Sparks T. H., Glazaczow A., Tomkins P. W., Tryjanowski P. Long-term effect of temperature on honey yield and honeybee phenology // Int. J. Biometeorol. 2017. V. 61. N. 6. P. 1125–1132.
Le Conte Y., Navajas M. Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases // Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE. 2008. V. 27. N. 2. P. 499–510.
Medina-Cuéllar S. E., Tirado-González D. N., Portillo-Vázquez M., López-Santiago M. A., Franco-Olivares V. H. Environmental implications for the production of honey from mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) in semi-arid ecosystems // J. Apic. Res. 2018. V. 57. N. 4. P. 507–515.
Meixner M. D., Pinto M. A., Bouga M., Kryger P., Ivanova E., Fuchs S. Standard methods for characterising subspecies and ecotypes of Apis mellifera // J. Apic. Res. 2013. V. 52. N. 4. P. 1–28.
Menzel A., Sparks T. H., Estrella N., Roy D. B. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern // Glob. Change Biol. 2006. V. 12. N. 10. P. 1969–1976.
Parmesan C., Yohe G. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems // Nature. 2003. V. 421. Iss. 6918. P. 37–42.
Potts S. G., Biesmeijer J. C., Kremen C., Neumann P., Schweiger O., Kunin W. E. Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers // Trends Ecol. Evol. 2010. V. 25. N. 6. P. 345–353.
Radev Zh., Liolios V., Tananaki C., Thrasyvoulou A. The impact of the nutritive value of pollen on the development, reproduction and productivity of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) // Bulg. J. Agr. Sci. 2014. V. 20. N. 3. P. 685–689.
R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing. V. 4.3.1. Vienna, Austria: R Found. for Statist. Comput., 2023. https://www.R-project.org/
Rucker R., Thurman W., Burgett M. Honey bee pollination markets and the internalization of reciprocal behavior // Am. J. Agr. Econ. 2012. V. 94. N. 4. P. 956–977.
Schweiger O., Biesmeijer J. C., Bommarco R., Hickler T., Hulme P. E., Klotz S., Kühn I., Moora M., Nielsen A., Ohlemüller R., Petanidou T., Potts S. G., Pyšek P., Stout J. C., Sykes M. T., Tscheulin T., Vilà M., Walther G.-R., Westphal C., Winter M., Zobel M., Settele J. Multiple stressors on biotic interactions: how climate change and alien species interact to affect pollination // Biol. Rev. 2010. V. 85. Iss. 4. P. 777–795.
Spivak M. Bee health: Putting control in last place // Am. Bee J. 2008. V. 148. N. 11. P. 979–980.
Torné-Noguera A., Rodrigo A., Arnan X., Osorio S., Barril-Graells H., Correia da Rocha-Filho L., Retana J. Determinants of spatial distribution in a bee community: Nesting resources, flower resources, and body size // PLoS ONE. 2014. V. 9. N. 5. Article 97255.
Ülgentürk S., Evren N., Ayhan B., Dostbil Ö., Dursun O., Civelek H. S. Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) species on pine trees of Turkey // Turk. J. Zool. 2012. V. 36. Iss. 5. P. 623–636.
Walther G.-R., Post E., Convey P., Menzel A., Parmesan C., Beebee T. J. C., Fromentin J.-M., Hoegh-Guldberg O., Bairlein F. Ecological responses to recent climate change // Nature. 2002. V. 416. Iss. 6879. P. 389–395.
Zacepins A., Brusbardis V., Meitalovs J., Stalidzans E. Challenges in the development of precision beekeeping // Biosyst. Engeneer. 2015. V. 130. P. 60–71.
