Kovalev A. P., Alekseenko А. Yu., Kachanova T. G. Silvicultural Principles of Choosing Methods of Logging in the Far Eastern Forests
Far East Forestry Research Institute
Volochaevskaya Str., 71, Khabarovsk, 680020 Russian Federation
E-mail: a.p.kovalev51@mail.ru, alexeenko.alex@gmail.com, kachanjva@mail.ru
Abstract
UDC 630*3(571.6)
How to cite: Kovalev A. P., Alekseenko А. Yu., Kachanova T. G. Silvicultural principles of choosing methods of logging in the Far Eastern forests // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2024. N. 5. P. … (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20240510
EDN: …
© Kovalev A. P., Alekseenko А. Yu., Kachanova T. G., 2024
Rational forest management, which ensures the stability of the post-harvest state of stands and the direction of forest formation processes in the formation of forest phytocenoses of a new generation, largely depends on the methods of exploitation of forest stands. For each section of the forest fund allocated for logging, it is necessary to select the optimal combination of logging method, the complex of logging machines and the technological scheme of their application. The main criteria determining the choice of optimal logging techniques and logging equipment are three groups of factors, characterizing both the stand as a whole and the conditions of its growth (natural geographical factors), as well as silvicultural and environmental indicators of the impact of logging operations on the forest and the forest environment (technical and technological factors) and, functional and regulatory restrictions and requirements for wood harvesting (regulatory factors). The first group of factors influencing the choice of logging methods and cutting technology includes: the purpose of forests, the age structure of stands, the completeness of planting, the presence of natural regeneration, the steepness of the slope, the logging season, humidity and soil freezing. The second group of factors characterizes the indicators of the impact of equipment and technology of logging operations on the safety of the main components of the forest – stand, undergrowth and soil. The third group of factors is the silvicultural restrictions imposed on timber harvesting, including the permissible effects of forest exploitation on all components of the stand and the forest environment. Therefore, the optimization of wood harvesting techniques directly depends on the correct choice of logging methods and cutting technology in relation to the main forest formations of the Far East.
Article
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (REFERENCES)
Запруднов В. И., Карпачев С. П., Быковский М. А. Технологии и технические средства процессов лесосечных работ // Лесн. вестн. 2017. Т. 21. № 1. C. 108–117 [Zaprudnov V. I., Karpachev S. P., Bykovskiy M. A. Tekhnologii i tekhnicheskie sredstva protsessov lesosechnykh rabot (Technologies and technical means of logging operations) // Lesn. vestn. (For. Bull.). 2017. V. 21. N. 1. P. 108–117 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Ковалев А. П. Эколого-лесоводственные основы рубок в лесах Дальнего Востока. Хабаровск: ДальНИИЛХ, 2004. 271 с. [Kovalev A. P. Ekologo-lesovodstvennye osnovy rubok v lesakh Dal’nego Vostoka (Ecological and silvicultural bases of logging in the forests of the Far East). Khabarovsk: Dal’NIILKH (Far East Sci. Res. Inst. For.), 2004. 271 p. (in Russian)].
Ковалев А. П., Качанова Т. Г. Лесоводственная оценка технологий заготовки древесины в хвойно-широколиственных лесах Дальнего Востока // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2022. № 6. С. 3–11 [Kovalev A. P., Kachanova T. G. Lesovodstvennaya otsenka tekhnologij zagotovki drevesiny v khvoyno-shirokolistvennykh lesakh Dal’nego Vostoka (Forestry assessment of timber harvesting technologies in coniferous-deciduous forests of the Far East) // Sib. lesn. zhurn. (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2022. N. 6. P. 3–11 (in Russian with English abstract and references)].
Козин Е. К., Розенберг В. А., Таранков В. И. Материалы по строению и развитию долинного кедрово-широколиственного леса // Комплексные исследования лесных биоценозов. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 1990. С. 128–135 [Kozin E. K., Rozenberg V. A., Tarankov V. I. Materialy po stroeniyu i razvitiyu dolinnogo kedrovo-shirokolistvennogo lesa (Materials on the structure and development of the valley cedar-deciduous forest) // Kompleksnye issledovaniya lesnykh biotsenozov (Complex studies of forest biocenoses). Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 1990. P. 128–135 (in Russian)].
Лесной кодекс Российской Федерации от 04.12.2006 № 200-ФЗ (ред. от 26.03.2022). М., 2006 [Lesnoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.12.2006 No. 200-FZ (red. ot 26.03.2022) (Forest Code of the Russian Federation dated 4 December, 2006 No. 200-FZ (as amended on 26 March, 2022)). Moscow, 2006 (in Russian)].
Манько Ю. И. Географические особенности лесообразовательного процесса в темнохвойных лесах Дальнего Востока // Лесоведение. 1996. № 2. С. 3–11 [Man’ko Yu. I. Geograficheskie osobennosti lesoobrazovatel’nogo protsessa v temnokhvoynykh lesakh Dal’nego Vostoka (Geographical features of the forest formation process in the dark coniferous forests of the Far East) // Lesovedenie (For. Sci.). 1996. N. 2. P. 3–11 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Мелехов И. С. Проблемы современной экологии леса // ИВУЗ. Лесн. журн. 1983. № 1. С. 3–11 [Melekhov I. S. Problemy sovremennoy ekologii lesa (Problems of modern forest ecology) // IVUZ. Lesn. zhurn. (For. J.). 1983. N. 1. P. 3–11 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Мохирев А. П., Мамматов В. О., Медведев С. О., Позднякова М. О. Совершенствование технологического процесса лесозаготовок в условиях Красноярского края. Красноярск: Амальгама, 2017. 168 с. [Mokhirev A. P., Mammatov V. O., Medvedev S. O., Pozdnyakova M. O. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnologicheskogo protsessa lesozagotovok v usloviyakh Krasnoyarskogo kraya (Improvement of the technological process of logging in Krasnoyarsk Krai). Krasnoyarsk: Amal’gama, 2017. 168 р. (in Russian)].
Никонов М. В. Лесоводство: учеб. пособ. СПб.: Лань, 2010. 224 с. [Nikonov M. V. Lesovodstvo: ucheb. posob. (Silviculture: tutorial). St. Petersburg: Lan’, 2010. 224 p. (in Russian)].
Обыденников В. И. Влияние сплошных рубок на лесорастительную среду и восстановление леса. М.: Лесн. пром-сть, 1984. 46 с. [Obydennikov V. I. Vliyanie sploshnykh rubok na lesorastitel’nuyu sredu i vosstanovlenie lesa (The influence of clear cuts on forest environment and restoration). Moscow: Lesn. prom-st’ (For. Industry), 1984. 46 p. (in Russian)].
Побединский А. В. Лесоводственно-экологическая оценка влияния лесозаготовительной техники на почвенно-растительный покров // Лесн. хоз-во. 1995. № 3. С. 30–33 [Pobedinskiy A. V. Lesovodstvenno-ekologicheskaya otsenka vliyaniya lesozagotovitel’noy tekhniki na pochvenno-rastitel’ny pokrov (Silvicultural and ecological assessment of the impact of logging equipment on soil and vegetation cover) // Lesn. khoz-vo (Forestry). 1995. N. 3. P. 30–33 (in Russian)].
Правила заготовки древесины и особенности заготовки древесины в лесничествах, лесопарках, указанных в ст. 23 Лесного кодекса РФ (с измен. на 17 октября 2022 г.). Утв. Приказом Мин-ва природ. рес. и экол. РФ от 01.12.2020 № 993. М.: Мин-во природ. рес. и экол. РФ, 2022 [Pravila zagotovki drevesiny i osobennosti zagotovki drevesiny v lesnichestvakh, lesoparkakh, ukazannykh v st. 23 Lesnogo kodeksa RF (s izmen na 17 oktyabrya 2022 g.). Utv. Prikazom Min-va prirod. res. i ekol. RF ot 01.12.2020 № 993 (The rules for timber harvesting and specifics of timber harvesting in forestry districts, forest parks, specified in Article 23 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation (with the changes on 17 Oct. 2022). Appr. by the order of the Ministry Nat. Res. Environ. Rus. Fed. 01.12.2020 No. 993). Moscow: Ministry Nat. Res. Environ. Rus. Fed., 2022 (in Russian)].
Правила рубок главного пользования в лесах Дальнего Востока. М.: ВНИИЦлесресурс, 2000. 32 с. [Pravila rubok glavnogo pol’zovaniya v lesakh dal’nego Vostoka (The rules for final felling in the forests of the Far East). Moscow: VNIITSlesresurs, 2000. 32 p. (in Russian)].
Приходько О. Ю., Бычкова Т. А., Ким Г. Е. Современное состояние лесного фонда Дальневосточного Федерального Округа // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2021. № 1. С. 21–29 [Prikhod’ko O. Yu., Bychkova T. A., Kim G. E. Sovremennoe sostoyanie lesnogo fonda Dal’nevostochnogo Federal’nogo Okruga (The current state of the forest fund of the Far Eastern Federal District) // Sib. lesn. zhurn. (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2021. N. 1. P. 21–29 (in Russian with English abstract and references)].
Современное состояние лесов российского Дальнего Востока и перспективы их использования / под ред. А. П. Ковалева. Хабаровск: ДальНИИЛХ, 2009. 470 с. [Sovremennoe sostoyanie lesov rossiyskogo Dal’nego Vostoka i perspektivy ikh ispol’zovaniya / pod red. A. P. Kovaleva (Current state of the forests of the Russian Far East and prospects for their use / A. P. Kovalev (Ed.)). Khabarovsk: Dal’NIILKH (Far East Sci. Res. Inst. For.), 2009. 470 p. (in Russian)].
Соколов В. А., Втюрина О. П., Соколова Н. В. Лесные ресурсы Красноярского края: перспективы и ограничения использования // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2021. № 4. С. 24–33 [Sokolov V. A., Vtyurina O. P., Sokolova N. V. Lesnye resursy Krasnoyarskogo kraya: perspektivy i ogranicheniya ispol’zovaniya (Forest resources of Krasnoyarsk Krai: prospects and limitations of use) // Sib. lesn. zhurn. (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2021. N. 4. P. 24–33 (in Russian with English abstract and references)].
Уразова А. Ф., Азаренок В. А, Герц Э. Ф. Оценка воздействия технологий заготовки древесины на окружающую среду: учеб. пособ. Екатеринбург: УГЛТУ, 2020. 122 с. [Urazova A. F., Azarenok V. A, Gerts E. F. Otsenka vozdeystviya tekhnologij zagotovki drevesiny na okruzhayushchuyu sredu: ucheb. posob. (Assessment of the impact of wood harvesting technologies on the environment: tutorial). Yekaterinburg: UGLTU (Ural St. For. Engineer. Univ.), 2020. 122 p. (in Russian)].
Чумин В. Т. Дальневосточное лесоводство: проблемы, пути решения // Лесн. хоз-во. 1989. № 1. С. 10–12 [Chumin V. T. Dal’nevostochnoe lesovodstvo: problemy, puti resheniya (Far Eastern forestry: problems, solutions) // Lesn. khoz-vo (Forestry). 1989. N. 1. P. 10–12 (in Russian)].
