Medvedeva S. О., Epanchintseva О. V., Teptina A. Yu. Ploidy Determination of Some Arcto-Montane Willow Taxa From the Collection of Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch
1 Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sсiences, Ural Branch
8 Marta str., 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russian Federation
2 Ural Fed. Univ. Named After the First President of Russia B. N. Eltsin
Mira str., 19, Yekaterinburg, 620062 Russian Federation
E-mail: so.medvedeva@gmail.com, olgae06@mail.ru, ateptina@gmail.com
Abstract
UDC 575.85+674.031.34
How to cite: Medvedeva S. О.1, Epanchintseva О. V.1, Teptina A. Yu.2 Ploidy determination of some Arcto-Montane willow taxa from the collection of Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2026. N. 1. P. 42–49 (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20260103
EDN: …
© Medvedeva S. О., Epanchintseva О. V., Teptina A. Yu., 2026
The genus Salix L. (willow), characterized by a widespread occurrence of polyploidy (ranging from 2n = 38 to 12n = 228) and chromosome number instability, is of significant interest to evolutionary biology and breeding. Arcto-Montane willows possess valuable adaptations to extreme environmental conditions and ornamental potential for landscape design; however, they remain cytogenetically understudied, particularly in Russia, where taxonomic and ecological research predominates. This work addresses this gap by applying a flow cytometry method to determine the ploidy level of 13 Arcto-Montane willows from the collection of the Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch in the city of Yekaterinburg. The study employed an external standardization method, based on calculating the ratio of samples nuclear fluorescence intensity, followed by determining DNA content using internal standardization (with Solanum pseudocapsicum L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, and Pisum sativum L. as standards). The protocol was optimized by adding 2 % PVP to neutralize secondary metabolites. The results confirmed diploid level (2x) for Salix repens L., Salix pyrenaica Gouan, Salix arbuscula L., Salix saxatilis Turcz., and Salix foetida Schleich. ex DC., and tetraploid level (4x) for Salix caesia Vill. Specimens of Salix retusa L., Salix glauca var. callicarpaea 'Haltia', and Salix foetida × retusa were found to be octoploid (8x), while Salix glauca L. was decaploid (10x). The obtained data on ploidy and DNA content are important for taxonomy, hybrid identification, and the selection of perspective breeding material. Further molecular genetic studies are required to confirm the parental forms of the hybrid taxa.
Article
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (REFERENCES)
Агапова Н. Д., Архарова К. Б., Вахтина Л. И., Земскова Е. А., Тарвис Л. В. Числа хромосом цветковых растений флоры СССР: семейства Aceraceae – Menyanthaceae. Л.: Наука. Ленингр. отд-ние, 1990. C. 233 [Agapova N. D., Arkharova K. B., Vakhtina L. I., Zemskova E. A., Tarvis L. V. Chisla khromosom tsvetkovykh rasteniy flory SSSR: semeystva Aceraceae – Menyanthaceae (Chromosome numbers of flowering plants of the USSR flora: families Aceraceae – Menyanthaceae). Leningrad: Nauka. Leningr. otd-nie (Science. Leningrad Br.), 1990. P. 233 (in Russian)].
Беляева И. В., Епанчинцева О. В., Семкина Л. А. Аркто-монтанные ивы в культуре на Среднем Урале. Екатеринбург: Бот. сад УрО РАН, 2003. 91 с. [Belyaeva I. V., Epanchintseva O. V., Semkina L. A. Arkto-montannye ivy v kul’ture na Srednem Urale (Arctomontane willows in cultivation in the Middle Urals). Yekaterinburg: Bot. sad URO RAN (Bot. Garden Ural Br. Rus. Acad. Sci.), 2003. 91 p. (in Russian)].
Медведева С. О., Черепанова О. Е., Филиппов Е. Г., Тептина А. Ю. Использование проточной цитометрии и микросателлитного анализа для определения плоидности некоторых образцов Betula L. // Сиб. лесн. журн. 2024. № 6. С. 44–51 [Medvedeva S. O., Cherepanova О. Е., Filippov Е. G., Teptina A. Yu. Ispol’zovanie protochnoy tsitometrii i mikrosatellitnogo analiza dlya opredeleniya ploidnosti nekotorykh obraztsov Betula L. (Analysis of DNA content and nuclear microsatellite loci of some Betula L. representatives) // Sib. lesn. zhurn. (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2024. N. 6. P. 44–51 (in Russian with English abstract and references)].
Argus G. W. Salicaceae In: Flora of North America Ed. Comm., Eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico. New York and Oxford, 1993. V. 7.
Banaev E. V., Tomoshevich M. A., Voronkova M. S. Flow cytometry analysis of the relative content of nuclear DNA in Nitraria schoberi L. seeds // Bot. Pacif. 2018. V. 7. N. 1. P. 89–92.
Barcaccia G., Meneghetti S., Albertini E., Triest L., Lucchin M. Linkage mapping in tetraploid willows: Segregation of molecular markers and estimation of linkage phases support an allotetraploid structure for Salix alba × Salix fragilis interspecific hybrids // Heredity. 2003. V. 90. Iss. 2. P. 169–180.
Bűchler W. Neue Chromosomenzählungen in der Gattung Salix // Bot. Helvet. 1985. N. 95. P. 165–175.
Dewitte A., Laere K. van, Huylenbroeck J. van. Use of 2n gametes in plant breeding // Bot. Pacif. 2018. V. 7. N. 1. P. 89–92.
Doležel J., Bartoš J. Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size // Ann. Bot. 2005. V. 95. N. 1. P. 99–110.
Doležel J., Greilhuber J., Lucretti S., Meister A., Lysák M. A., Nardi L., Obermayer R. Plant genome size estimation by flow cytometry: Inter-laboratory comparison // Ann. Bot. 1998. V. 82. Suppl. A. P. 17–26.
Epanchintseva O. V. Application of scientific names to willow cultivars: Salix × simulatrix F. B. White // Skvortsovia: Int. J. Salicol. Plant Biol. 2020. V. 6. N. 2. P. 58–59.
Guo W., Hou J., Yin T., Chen Y. An analytical toolkit for polyploid willow discrimination // Sci. Rep. 2016. N. 6. Article 37702.
Hardig T. M., Brunsfeld S. J., Fritz R. S., Morgan M., Orians C .M. Morphological and molecular evidence for hybridization and introgression in a willow (Salix) hybrid zone // Mol. Ecol. 2000. V. 9. Iss. 1. P. 9–24.
Juhanoja S. New FinE® plants In: Harvest horticultural research results 2003-2005 (Saila Karhu Toim. Ed.)). Juhanoja Sirkka. MTT Agrifood Res. Finland, 2007. P. 86–87.
Flowing software, 2025. https://flowingsoftware.com/
Kosiński P., Sliwinska E., Hilpold A., Boratyński A. DNA ploidy in Salix retusa agg. only partly in line with its morphology and taxonomy // Nord. J. Bot. 2019. V. 37. Iss. 7. Article e02197.
Leskinen E., Alström-Rapaport C. Molecular phylogeny of Salicaceae and closely related Flacourtiaceae: evidence from 5.8 S, ITS 1 and ITS 2 of the rDNA // Plant Syst. Evol. 1999. V. 215. Iss. 1. P. 209–227.
Loureiro J., Rodriguez E., Dolezel J., Santos C. Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry: a test with 37 species // Ann. Bot. 2007. V. 100. N. 4. P. 875–88.
Marinček, P., Léveillé-Bourret É., Heiduk F., Leong J., Bailleul S. M., Volf M., Wagner N. D. Challenge accepted: Evolutionary lineages versus taxonomic classification of North American shrub willows (Salix) // Amer. J. Bot. 2024. V. 111. Iss. 7. Article e16361.
Obermayer R., Leitch I. J., Hanson L., Bennett M. D. Nuclear DNA C-values in 30 species double the familial representation in pteridophytes // Ann. Bot. 2002. V. 90. N. 2. P. 209–217.
Pfosser М., Amon A., Lelley Т., Heberle-Bors E. Evaluation of sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting aneuploidy in wheat using disomic and ditelosomic wheat-rye addition lines // Cytometry. 1995. V. 21. N. 4. P. 387–393.
Pustahija F., Brown S. C., Bogunić F., Bašić N., Muratović E., Ollier S., Hidalgo O., Bourge M.,
Stevanović V., Siljak-Yakovlev S. Small genomes dominate in plants growing on serpentine soils in West Balkans, an exhaustive study of 8 habitats covering 308 taxa // Plant and Soil. 2013. V. 373. Iss. 1–2. P. 427–453.
Skaptsov M. V., Kutsev M. G., Smirnov S. V., Vaganov A. V., Uvarova O. V., Shmakov A. I. Standards in plant flow cytometry: an overview, polymorphism and linearity issues // Turczaninowia. 2024. V. 27. N. 2. P. 86–104.
Skvortsov A. Willows of Russia and adjacent countries. Joensuu, Finland: Univ. Joensuu, Fac. Math & Nat. Sci. Rep. Ser. N. 39. Biol., 1999. 307 p.
Šmarda P., Knápek O., Březinová A., Horová L., Grulich V., Danihelka J., Veselý P., Šmerda J., Rotreklová O., Bureš P. Genome sizes and genomic guanine+cytosine (GC) contents of the Czech vascular flora with new estimates for 1700 species // Preslia. 2019. V. 91. Iss. 2. P. 117–142.
Suda Y. The chromosome numbers of salicaceous plants in relation to their taxonomy // Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Fourth Ser. Biol. 1963. N. 29. P. 413–430.
Temsch E. M., Greilhuber J., Krisai R. Genome size in liverworts // Preslia. 2010. V. 82. P. 63–80.
Temsch E. M., Koutecký P., Urfus T., Šmarda P., Doležel J. Reference standards for flow cytometric estimation of absolute nuclear DNA content in plants // Cytometry. Part A. 2022. V. 101. Iss. 9. P. 710–724.
Thibault J. Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation // Can. J. Bot. 1998. V. 76. Iss. 1. P. 157–165.
Wagner N. D., He L., Hörandl E. The evolutionary history, diversity, and ecology of willows (Salix L.) in the European Alps // Diversity. 2021. V. 13. Iss. 4. Article 146. 15 p.
Wagner N. D., Marinček P., Pittet L., Hörandl E. Insights into the taxonomically challenging hexaploids alpine shrub willows of Salix sections Phylicifoliae and Nigricantes (Salicaceae) // Plants. 2023. V. 12. Iss. 5. Article 1144. 20 p.
