Rogozin M. V. The Influence of Feeding Areas on the Fall of Trees in Pine Crops
National Research Perm State University
Genkelya str., 4, Perm, 614990 Russian Federation
E-mail: rog-mikhail@yandex.ru
Abstract
UDC 630*165:582.47:630*231
How to cite: Rogozin M. V. The influence of feeding areas on the fall of trees in pine crops // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2024. N. 1. P. 57–66 (in Russian with English abstract and references).
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20240107
EDN: …
© Rogozin M. V., 2024
55-year-old crops of the IB productivity class (bonitet) with a completeness of 0.94 on an area of 1.9 hectares, created according to the scheme 1.82 × 1.10 m, were studied. More than 2 thousand trees were located on this area and polygons of their nutrition were built around them in the «ArcMap-ArcView» program. The territory was divided into 24 test areas, with density fluctuations at the age of 30 years 1153-2207 trees/ha, a fullness of 0.84–1.03 and an average diameter of 19.1–23.0 cm. It was found that the density affects the intensity of the fall of trees by only 22 %, and 78 % of the factors of their fall are not related to the density. Therefore, increased density within these limits is not the main reason for the fall of trees. It was also found out that in the younger class of the tree's feeding area, the probability of its falling off after 25 years is the greatest (58 %) and gradually decreases to 5–7 % by the senior classes. At the same time, the area of nutrition increased by 2.1 times or more did not guarantee the trees their complete safety by the age of 55, and in 9.6 % of cases they died for no apparent reason. The feeding areas of falling trees turned out to be almost functionally related to the frequencies of feeding areas at the age of 30 with a correlation of R = 0.95 ± 0.03, and this leads to the fact that their small feeding area (less than average) increases the probability of falling off by only 27 %. This is confirmed by S. N. Sennov's research that despite intensive thinning at the age of 40, over the next 40 years trees died at any diameter, and the nature of the fall did not differ from the control. Therefore, from a forestry point of view, thinning felling in middle age is no longer effective. We need a much earlier optimization of the density of the stand at the age of 10–15 years.
Article
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (REFERENCES)
Баландин Р. К. Анти-Дарвин. Миражи эволюции. М.: Яуза Эксмо, 2010. 350 с. [Balandin R. K. Anti-Darvin. Mirazhi evolyutsii (Anti-Darwin. Mirages of evolution). Moscow: Yauza Eksmo, 2010. 350 p. (in Russian)].
Голиков А. М. Эколого-диссимметрийный и изоферментный анализ структуры модельных популяций сосны обыкновенной // Лесоведение. 2011. № 5. С. 46–51 [Golikov A. M. Ekologo-dissimmetriyny i izofermentny analiz struktury model’nykh populyatsiy sosny obyknovennoy (Ecological-dissymmetry and isoenzyme analysis of the structure of model populations of Scots pine) // Lesovedenie (For. Sci.). 2011. N. 5. P. 46–51 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Гриффитс Дж. Научные методы исследования осадочных пород. Пер. с англ. М.: Мир, 1971. 230 с. [Griffits Dzh. Nauchnye metody issledovaniya osadochnykh porod. Per. s angl. (Scientific methods for the study of sedimentary rocks. Trans. from English.). Moscow: Mir, 1971. 230 p. (in Russian)].
Демаков Ю. П. Структура и закономерности развития лесов республики Марий Эл. Йошкар-Ола: Поволж. гос. технол. ун-т, 2018. 432 с. [Demakov Yu. P. Struktura i zakonomernosti razvitiya lesov respubliki Mariy El (Structure and patterns of forest development in the Republic of Mari El). Yoshkar-Ola: Povolzh. gos. tekhnol. un-t (Volga St. Technol. Univ.), 2018. 432 p. (in Russian)].
Колтунова А. И. О формировании горизонтальной структуры и срастании корневых систем в древостоях сосны // Эко-потенциал. 2013. № 3–4. С. 136–142 [Koltunova A. I. O formirovanii gorizontal’noy struktury i srastanii kornevykh sistem v drevostoyakh sosny (On the formation of horizontal structure and the fusion of root systems in pine tree stands) // Eko-potentsial. 2013. N. 3–4. P. 136–142 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Марченко И. С. Биополе лесных экосистем. Брянск: Придесенье, 1995. 188 с. [Marchenko I. S. Biopole lesnykh ekosistem (Biofield of forest ecosystems). Bryansk: Pridesen’e, 1995. 188 p. (in Russian)].
Маслаков Е. Л. Генезис и динамика социальных структур сосны в фазе индивидуального роста // Таёжные леса на пороге XXI века. Сб. ст. СПб.: СПбНИИЛХ, 1999. С. 42–51 [Maslakov E. L. Genezis i dinamika sotsial’nykh struktur sosny v faze individual’nogo rosta (Genesis and dynamics of pine social structures in the phase of individual growth) // Taezhnye lesa na poroge XXI veka. Sb. st. (Taiga forests on the threshold 21st century. Coll. articles). St. Petersburg: SpbNIILKH (St. Petersburg Sci.-Res. Inst. For.), 1999. P. 42–51 (in Russian)].
Морозов Г. Ф. Учение о лесе. Изд. 7-е. М.: Гослесбумиздат, 1949. 453 с. [Morozov G. F. Uchenie o lese. Izd. 7-e (The doctrine of the forest. 7th ed.). Moscow: Goslesbumizdat, 1949. 453 p. (in Russian)].
Плантационное лесоводство / Под ред. И. В. Шутова. СПб.: Изд-во политех. ун-та, 2007. 366 с. [Plantatsionnoe lesovodstvo (Plantation silviculture) / I. V. Shutov (Ed.). St. Petersburg: Izd-vo politekh. un-ta (Polytech. Univ. Publ.), 2007. 366 p. (in Russian)].
Правила ухода за лесами. Приказ Ми-ва природ. рес. РФ № 534 от 30.07.2020. М.: МПР РФ, 2020. [Pravila ukhoda za lesami. Prikaz Min-va prirod. res. RF № 534 оt 30.07.2020 (The rules of forest care. Order of the Ministry Nat. Res. Rus. Fed. N. 534 of 39.07.2020). Moscow: Ministry Nat. Res. Rus. Fed., 2020 (in Russian)].
Разин Г. С. Динамика сомкнутости одноярусных древостоев // Лесоведение. 1979. № 1. С. 23–25 [Razin G. S. Dinamika somknutosti odnoyarusnykh drevostoev (Dynamics of closeness of single-tiered tree stands) // Lesovedenie (For. Sci.). 1979. N. 1. P. 23–25 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Рогозин М. В. Структура древостоев: конкуренция или партнерство? Пермь: ПГНИУ, 2019. 223 с. [Rogozin M. V. Struktura drevostoev: konkurentsiya ili partnerstvo? (The structure of tree stands: competition or partnership?). Perm: PGNIU ((Perm St. Sci. Res. Univ.), 2019. 223 p. (in Russian with English title and summary)].
Рогозин М. В., Михалев В. В., Рыбальченко А. Я. Лесные экосистемы и факторы неотектоники: моногр. Пермь: ПГНИУ, 2020. 249 с. [Rogozin M. V., Mikhalev V. V., Rybal'chenko A. Ya. Lesnye ekosistemy i faktory neotektoniki (Forest ecosystems and factors of neotectonics): monogr. Perm: PGNIU (Perm St. Sci. Res. Univ.), 2020. 249 p. (in Russian with English title and summary)].
Русинова Н. В., Варсегова Л. Ю. Оценка качества рубки ухода по изменению площадей произрастания деревьев в биогруппе // Лесн. хоз-во. 2009. № 1. С. 29–30 [Rusinova N. V., Varsegova L. Yu. Otsenka kachestva rubki ukhoda po izmeneniyu ploshchadey proizrastaniya derev’ev v biogruppe (Assessment of the quality of felling care by changing the areas of tree growth in the biogroup) // Lesn. khoz-vo (Forestry). 2009. N. 1. P. 29–30 (in Russian)].
Сеннов С. Н. Итоги 60-летних наблюдений за естественной динамикой леса. СПб.: СПбНИИЛХ, 1999. 98 с. [Sennov S. N. Itogi 60-letnikh nablyudeniy za estestvennoy dinamikoy lesa (Results of 60-year observations at the natural dynamics of the forest). St. Petersburg: SpbNIILKH (St. Petersburg Sci.-Res. Inst. For.), 1999. 98 p. (in Russian)].
Сеннов С. Н. Лесоведение и лесоводство: учеб. для студ. вузов. М.: Академия, 2005. 256 с. [Sennov S. N. Lesovedenie i lesovodstvo: uchebnik dlya stud. vuzov (Forest science and silviculture: textbook for univ. students). Moscow: Akademiya (Academia), 2005. 256 p. (in Russian)].
Терехов Г. Г., Усольцев В. А. Морфоструктура насаждений и корненасыщенность ризосферы культур ели сибирской и вторичного лиственного древостоя на Среднем Урале как характеристика их конкурентных отношений // Хвойные бореальной зоны. 2010. Т. XXVIII. № 3–4. С. 1–7 [Terekhov G. G., Usoltsev V. A. Morfostruktura nasazhdeniy i kornenasyshchennost’ rizosfery kul’tur eli sibirskoy i vtorichnogo listvennogo drevostoya na Srednem Urale kak kharakteristika ikh konkurentnykh otnosheniy (Morphostructure of stands and root saturation of rhizosphere of Siberian spruce and secondary deciduous tree stand in the Middle Urals as a characteristic of their competitive relations) // Khvoynye boreal’noy zony (Conifers of the Boreal Zone). 2010. V. XXVIII. N. 3–4. P. 1–7 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Тихонова И. В. Четыре опоры к фундаменту современного устойчивого лесоводства // Лесные экосистемы: современные вызовы, состояние, продуктивность и устойчивость. Мат-лы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., посвящ. 90-летию Ин-та леса НАН Беларуси, Гомель, 13-15 ноября 2020 г. Гомель: Ин-т леса НАН Беларуси, 2020. С. 97–101 [Tikhonova I. V. Chetyre opory k fundamentu sovremennogo ustoychivogo lesovodstva // Lesnye ekosistemy: sovremennye vyzovy, sostoyanie, produktivnost’ i ustoychivost’ Mat-ly mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 90-letiyu In-ta lesa NAN Belarusi, Gomel’, 13-15 noyabrya 2020 g. (Four pillars to the foundation of contemporary sustainable forestry. Proc. Int. Sci-Pract. Conf. Dedicated 90th Anniversary of Inst. For. Nat. Acad. Sci. Belarus, Gomel, 13-15 Nov., 2020). Gomel: Institut lesa NAN Belarusi (Inst. For. Nat. Acad. Sci. Belarus), 2020. P. 97–101 (in Russian with English abstract)].
Усольцев В. А., Часовских В. П., Акчурина Г. А., Осмирко А. А., Кох Е. В. Фитомасса деревьев в конкурентных условиях: исследование системных связей средствами информационных технологий. Екатеринбург: УГЛТУ, 2018. 526 с. [Usoltsev V. A., Chasovskikh V. P., Akchurina G. A., Osmirko A. A., Kokh E. V. Fitomassa derev’ev v konkurentnykh usloviyakh: issledovanie sistemnykh svyazey sredstvami informatsionnykh tekhnologiy (Phytomass of trees in competitive conditions: study of system connections by means of information technologies). Yekaterinburg: UGLTU (Ural St. For. Engineer. Univ.). 2018. 526 s. (in Russian with English title, summary and contents)].
Хильми Г. Ф. Теоретическая биогеофизика леса. М.: Наука, 1957. 205 с. [Khil’mi G. F. Teoreticheskaya biogeofizika lesa (Theoretical forest biogeophysics). Moscow: Nauka (Science), 1957. 205 p. (in Russian)].
Erfanifard Y., Stereńczak K. Intra- and interspecific interactions of Scots pine and European beech in mixed secondary forests // Acta Oecol. 2017. V. 78. Р. 15–25.
Grubb P. J. Root competition in soils of different fertility: a paradox resolved? // Phytocoenologia. 1994. V. 24. N. 1–4. P. 495–505.
Kadmon R. Plant competition along soil moisture gradients: A field experiment with the desert annual Stipa capensis // J. Ecol. 1995. V. 83. N. 2. P. 253–262.
